Climate Change

J. Ernest "Sunny" Breeding, Jr., PhD Geophysics

Presentations to Groups

A slide show version of these pages on climate change is available and can be presented to groups. For information please contact J. Ernest "Sunny" Breeding, Jr., 115 Blackbeard Dr., Slidell, LA 70461, phone: 985-649-0824 and Email: travel@goworldclass.com.

References

American Geophysical Union Staff, Alaska glaciers make large contributions to global sea level rise, American Geophysical Union, 17 June 2015, http://news.agu.org/press-release/alaska-glaciers-make-large-contributions-to-global-sea-level-rise
Associated Press, Science not faked, but not pretty (Article: December 12, 2009)
Broecker, Wallace S & Kunzig, Robert, Fixing Climate, Hill & Wang (2008)
Broecker, Wallace "Wally" S, The Great Ocean Conveyor, Princeton University Press (2010)
Burroughs, William James, Climate Change in Prehistory, Cambridge University Press (2005)
Burroughs, William James, Climate Change, 2nd Edition, Cambridge University Press (2007)
Cullen, Heidi, The Weather of the Future - Heat Waves, Extreme Storms, and Other Scenes from a Climate-Changed Planet, HarperCollins (2010)
Fagan, Brian, The Little Ice Age - How Climate Made History 1300 - 1850, Basic Books (2000)
Fagan, Brian, The Long Summer - How Climate Changed Civilization, Basic Books (2004)
Fagan, Brian, The Great Warming - Climate Change and the Rise and Fall of Civilizations, Bloomsbury Press (2008)
Fagan, Brian, Floods, Famines, and Emperors - El Nino and the Fate of Civilizations, Basic Books (1999, 2009)
Fagan, Brian, Editor, The Complete Ice Age, Thames & Hudson (2009)
Hansen, James, Storms of My Grand Children, Bloomsbury USA (2009, 2011)
Henson, Robert, Climate Change, 3rd Edition, Rough Guides (2011)
Imbrie, John & Imbrie, Katherine Palmer, Ice Ages Solving the Mystery, Enslow Publishers (1979)
Mann, Michael E, The Hockey Stick and the Climate Wars, Columbia University Press (2012)
Schmidt, Gavin & Wolfe, Joshua, Climate Change Picturing the Science, W W Norton (2009)
Weart, Spencer R, The Discovery of Global Warming, Harvard University Press (2008)

Internet Author Sources

American Infrastructure staff, Energy: City in early stages of switching to LED lighting, American Infrastructure, 31 August 2015, http://www.americaninfrastructuremag.com/content/energy-city-early-stages-switching-led-lighting
Anderegg, William R L, Extreme Droughts Weaken Trees’ Ability to Soak Up Carbon, Gizmodo, 31 July 2015, http://gizmodo.com/extreme-droughts-weaken-trees-ability-to-soak-up-carbon-1721273753
Borenstein, Seth, US carbon pollution from power plants hits 27-year low, AP, 5 August 2015, http://bigstory.ap.org/article/c28260b4db6c448d95b7d156e4d86570/us-carbon-pollution-power-plants-hits-27-year-low
Cimons, Marlene, Infectious Diseases Like It Hot: How Climate Change Helps Cholera and Salmonella Outbreaks, Climate Progress, 14 August 2015, http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2015/08/14/3691515/warmer-infectious-diseases
Climate Central Staff, Surging Seas, Sea Level Rising Analysis by Climate Central, March 2012, http://sealevel.climatecentral.org/
Climate Central Staff, Hot and Getting Hotter: Heat Islands Cooking U.S. Cities, Climate Central, 20 August 2014, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/urban-heat-islands-threaten-us-health-17919
climatemps.com, http://www.london.climatemps.com/temperatures.php
Coombs, Chelsey B., Alaska’s Glaciers Seen as Major Source of Sea Level Rise, Climate Central, 25 June 2015, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/alaska-glaciers-sea-level-rise-19159
Drajem, Mark, Coal’s Best Hope Rising With Costliest U.S. Power Plant, Bloomberg Business, 13 April 2014, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-04-14/coal-s-best-hope-rising-with-costliest-u-s-power-plant
Eller, Donnelle, Wind could supply 40 percent of Iowa energy by 2020, The Des Moines Register, 16 July 2015, http://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/money/agriculture/2015/07/16/wind-energy-report-iowa/30244187
Evans, Christine, Antarctica’s Retreating Ice, Earth Institute Columbia University, 30 June 2015, http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2015/06/30/antarcticas-retreating-ice
Fischer, Douglas, Warming Endangers a Crucial Yellowstone Tree, The Daily Climate-Climate Central, 12 October 2014, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/global-warming-yellowstone-18167
Freedman, Andrew, The Last Time CO2 Was This High, Humans Didn't Exist, Climate Central, 3 May 2013, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/the-last-time-co2-was-this-high-humans-didnt-exist-15938
Freedman, Andrew, This is What Global Warming Looks Like, Climate Central, 13 August 2013, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/this-is-what-global-warming-looks-like-16341
Freedman, Andrew, Study Ties Global Warming 'Hiatus' to Pacific Cooldown, Climate Central, 28 August 2013, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/new-study-ties-global-warming-hiatus-to-a-pacific-cooldown-16405
Freedman, Andrew, No, Arctic Sea Ice Has Not Recovered , Scientists Say, Climate Central, 19 September 2013, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/arctic-sea-ice-hits-6th-lowest-level-on-record-16492
Freedman, Andrew, World's fastest-melting glacier loses massive chunk in 2 days, Mashable, 23 August 2015, http://mashable.com/2015/08/23/greenland-glacier-massive-loss
Gillis, Justin, Climate Model Predicts West Antarctic Ice Sheet Could Melt Rapidly, New York Times, 30 March 2016, http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/31/science/global-warming-antarctica-ice-sheet-sea-level-rise.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=first-column-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=2
Goldenberg, Suzanne, World’s First Carbon Capture Power Plant Switches On, Climate Central, 5 October 2014, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/canada-worlds-first-carbon-capture-power-plant-18136
Gramling, Carolyn, Just A Nudge Could Collapse West Antarctic Ice Sheet, Raise Sea Level 3 Meters, Science, 2 November 2015, http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/11/just-nudge-could-collapse-west-antarctic-ice-sheet-raise-sea-levels-3-meters?utm_campaign=email-news-latest&et_rid=17103981&et_cid=74567
Hackman, Rose, Arctic Ice Melting Faster and Earlier With Dire Results, Climate Central, 9 May 2015, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/arctic-ice-melting-faster-18967
Hansen, James, Updates on climate change: http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1
Harvey, Chelsa, Walruses in the Arctic are running out of sea ice this year — again, The Washington Post, 12 August 2015, http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2015/08/12/walruses-in-the-arctic-could-be-in-trouble-again/?postshare=6151439396358265
Iceland Monitor Staff, Photos: Is Climate Change Wiping Out Iceland's Glaciers? Iceland Monitor, 17 March 2016, http://icelandmonitor.mbl.is/news/news/2016/03/17/photos_is_climate_change_wiping_out_iceland_s_glaci/
Iowa Wind Energy Association (IWEA) staff, Iowa Wind Energy Fact Sheet, IWEA, 4 May 2015, http://iowawindenergy.org/readmore.php?idnews=113
Jones, Nicola, Abrupt Sea Level Rise Looms As Increasingly Realistic Threat, Environment 360, 5 May 2016, http://e360.yale.edu/feature/abrupt_sea_level_rise_realistic_greenland_antarctica/2990?utm_content=
bufferf14f2&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_campaign=buffer
Kahn, Brian, Foliage Season Under Fire from Climate Change, Climate Central, 14 October 2013, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/foliage-season-under-fire-from-climate-change-16607
Kahn, Brian, CO2 on Path to Cross 400 ppm Threshold for a Month, Climate Central, 18 March 2014, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/co2-on-path-to-cross-400-ppm-threshold-for-a-month-17189
Kahn, Brian, Heat is Piling Up in the Depths of the Indian Ocean, 18 May 2015, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/indian-ocean-heat-19003
Kahn, Brian, Two Maps Show Greenland’s Sudden Melt Season Onset, Climate Central, 7 July 2015, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/maps-greenlands-melt-season-19196
Kahn, Brian, New Antarctic Research Ups Sea Level Rise Estimates, Climate Central, 18 August 2015, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/west-antarctica-sea-level-estimates-19345
Kahn, Brian, These Ice Cap Images Show the Arctic's Rapid Change,Climate Central, 31 March 2016, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/ice-caps-climate-change-20194
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Staff, West Coast of East? Where Greenland's Meltwater Enters the Ocean Matters for Global Climate, Columbia University, 25 April 2016, http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/news-events/greenland-exactly-where-meltwater-enters-ocean-matters?platform=hootsuite
Lemonick, Michael D., Why the Globe Hasn't Warmed Much for the Past Decade, Climate Central, 27 March 2013, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/why-the-globe-hasnt-warmed-much-for-the-past-decade-15788
Magill, Bobby, Natural Gas, Efficiency Fuel U.S. Carbon Emissions Decline, Climate Central, 21 October 2013, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/natural-gas-efficiency-fuel-u.s.-carbon-emissions-decline-16639
Magill, Bobby, Nuclear Power Needs to Double to Meet Warming Goal, Climate Central, 29 January 2015, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/nuclear-power-needs-to-double-to-meet-warming-goal-18610
Magill, Bobby, New Grants Fund Research for Underseas Carbon Storage, Climate Central, 22 July 2015, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/research-underseas-carbon-storage-19274
Magill, Bobby, Carbon Emissions From Power Plants Hit 27-Year Low, Climate Central, 28 August 2015, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/power-plant-emissions-hit-low-19389?
McKenna, Phil, The Lighting Paradox: Cheaper, Efficient LEDs Save Energy, and People Use More, Inside Climate News, 20 August 2015, http://insideclimatenews.org/news/20082015/lighting-paradox-cheaper-efficient-led-save-energy-use-rises?
McKie, Robin, OMG…Greenland’s Ice Sheets are Melting, The Guardian, August 9, 2015, http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/aug/09/omg-nasa-project-oceans-melting-greenland
Met Office (UK's National Weather Service), The Recent Pause in Warming, July 2013, http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/news/recent-pause-in-warming
Mooney, Chris, Scientists are worried Greenland might melt even faster than expected, The Washington Post, 15 December 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonkblog/wp/2014/12/15/scientists-are-worried-greenland-might-melt-even-faster-than-expected
Mooney, Chris, From the Mississippi to the Ganges, river deltas are in major trouble, The Washington Post, 6 August 2015, http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2015/08/06/the-global-threat-to-river-deltas-and-the-people-who-live-on-them
Mooney, Chris, The U.S. wind energy boom couldn’t be coming at a better time, The Washington Post, 10 August 2015, http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2015/08/10/the-boom-in-wind-energy-couldnt-be-coming-at-a-better-time
Mooney, Chris, The troubling reasons why NASA is so focused on studying sea level rise, The Washington Post, 26 August 2015, http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2015/08/26/the-troubling-reasons-why-nasa-is-so-focused-on-studying-on-sea-level-rise/
Muyskens, John, Dan Keating, and Samuel Granados, Mapping how the United States generates its electricity, The Washington Post, 31 July 2015, https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/national/power-plants
NASA, Antarctic Glacier Calves Iceberg One-Fourth Size of Rhode Island, 11 July 2013, http://www.nasa.gov/content/antarctic-glacier-calves-iceberg-one-fourth-size-of-rhode-island/#.Ung3DySbRcL
Nesbit, Jeff, Is There Really a War on Coal?, U.S. News, 3 June 2014, http://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/at-the-edge/2014/06/03/is-there-really-a-war-on-coal
Pennisi, Elizabeth, Earth home to 3 trillion trees, half as many as when human civilization arose, Science, 2 September 2015, http://news.sciencemag.org/plants-animals/2015/09/earth-home-3-trillion-trees-half-many-when-human-civilization-arose
Perkins, Sid, Report: Climate changing more rapidly than at any point on record, Science, 17 July 2014, http://news.sciencemag.org/climate/2014/07/report-climate-changing-more-rapidly-any-point-record
Randall, Tom, World’s Top Serial Bird Killers Put Infamous Windmills to Shame, Bloomberg Business, 21 April 2014, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-04-21/beware-the-blades-of-death-world-s-top-serial-bird-killers-
Radford, Tim, Speed of Glacier Retreat Worldwide ‘Historically Unprecedented', The Guardian, 4 August 2015, http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/aug/04/speed-glacier-retreat-worldwide-historically-unprecedented-climate-change
Rasmussen, Carol, UCI and JPL Find Melting of Greenland's Glaciers Worse than Previously Thought, NASA Earth Science News, 22 April 2016, https://news.uci.edu/research/uci-and-jpl-find-melting-of-greenlands-glaciers-worse-than-previously-thought/
Reuters, Polar Bear Numbers to Fall as Arctic Ice Shrinks, Climate Central, 25 December 2015, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/polar-bear-numbers-fall-arctic-ice-shrinks-19845
Sakelaris, Nicholas, Biggest energy source for the future isn't oil and gas, Exxon says, Houston Business Journal, 24 April 2014, http://www.bizjournals.com/houston/news/2014/04/24/biggest-energy-source-for-the-future-isnt-oil-and.html?page=all
Shoemaker, Lauren, Fingerprints of Emissions and the Carbon Cycle: Stable and Radiocarbon Isotopes of Carbon Dioxide, NOAA (2010: http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/outreach/isotopes/
Steig, Eric, How Do We Know that Recent CO2 Increases Are Due to Human Activities?, RealClimate (2004): http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2004/12/how-do-we-know-that-recent-cosub2sub-increases-are-due-to-human-activities-updated/
Strauss, Benjamin H., Ziemlinski, Remik, Weiss, Jeremy L., and Overpeck, Jonathan T., Tidally Adjusted Estimates of Topographic Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise and Flooding for the Contiguous United States, IOPscience, 14 March 2012, http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/7/1/014033
Strauss, Ben and Ziemlinski, Remik, Sea Level Rise Threats to Energy Infrastructure - A Surging Seas Brief Report by Climate Central, 19 April 2012, http://www.energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/files/serve?File_id=b5051061-ae72-41e0-b221-9eb24e5cfed0
Thompson, Andrea, Major Greenhouse Gas Reductions Needed by 2050: IPCC, Climate Central, 13 April 2014, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/major-greenhouse-gas-reductions-needed-to-curtail-climate-change-ipcc-17300
Thompson, Andrea, New CO2 Milestone: 3 Months Above 400 PPM, Climate Central, 30 June 2014, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/co2-milestone-400-ppm-climate-17692
Thompson, Andrea, Antarctic Sea Ice Officially Hits New Record Maximum, Climate Central, 7 October 2014, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/antarctic-sea-official-record-maximum-18144
Thompson, Andrea, Once Stable Greenland Glacier Facing Rapid Melt, Climate Change, 12 November 2015, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/northeast-greenland-glacier-melt-19673
Thompson, Andrea, Here's How Much of Alaska's Permafrost Could Melt, Climate Central, 8 December 2015, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/how-alaskas-permafrost-could-melt-19779
Thompson, Andrea, Arctic Sea Ice Hits Record Low Peak, Again, Climate Central, 31 March 2016, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/arctic-sea-ice-peak-record-low-again-20183
Perkins, Sid, Report: Climate changing more rapidly than at any point on record, Science, 17 July 2014, http://news.sciencemag.org/climate/2014/07/report-climate-changing-more-rapidly-any-point-record
Upton, John, Antarctic Riddle: How Much Will the South Pole Melt?, Climate Central, 25 August 2014, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/antarctic-riddle-south-pole-melt-17938
Valentine, Katie, Cities Could Save $17 Trillion Just By Reducing Their Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Climate Progress, 8 September 2015, http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2015/09/08/3699273/cities-saving-money-by-fighting-climate-change
Zerehi, Sima Sahar, New Report Outlines Climate Change Challenges on Canada's Arctic Coast, CBC News, 18 April 2016, http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/report-impact-climate-change-arctic-coastline-1.3540707
Zuckerman, Laura, Polar bears face steep declines because of melting sea ice: U.S. study, Reuters, 1 July 2015, http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/07/01/us-usa-polarbears-idUSKCN0PB67D20150701

Internet Organizational Sources

Climate Central: http://www.climatecentral.org
European Space Agency (ESA) Science & Technology: http://sci.esa.int/
Intergovermental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): http://www.ipcc.ch/
IPCC 3rd Assessment Report Climate Change: http://www.grida.no/publications/other/ipcc_tar/
IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change: http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/contents.html
IPCC 5th Assessment Report Climate Change: http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/#.Ungj1ySbRcJ
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory: http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/
LiveScience Environmental: http://www.livescience.com/environment/
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA): http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/
National Climatic Data Center (NCDC NOAA): http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/paleo.html
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Services: http://www.climate.gov/
National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC): http://nsidc.org/index.html
RealClimate by Gavin Schmidt & others, Great climate science info: http://www.realclimate.org
Scripps Institution of Oceanography: https://scripps.ucsd.edu/
United States Department of Energy (USDOE): http://fossil.energy.gov/programs/sequestration/overview.html
United States Environmental Protection Agency: http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/science/
United States Global Change Research Program (USGCRP): http://www.globalchange.gov/
Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution: http://www.whoi.edu/
World Ocean Thermohaline Circulation: http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/world-ocean-thermohaline-circulation
Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre: http://www.beringia.com/climate/

Pages

Page 1: Climate Change and Definition
Page 2: Evidence of Global Warming
Page 3: Measurements
Page 4: Ice Ages
Page 5: Causes of Climate Change
Page 6: Predicting the Future
Page 7: How Can We Fix Our Climate?
Page 8: References